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Organic Winter Squash::Hubbard Squash::Red Kuri Squash
Organic Winter Squash - Growing and Seed Saving InfoPrintable version of this page
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Types of Winter Squash
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Winter
squashes (Cucurbita spp.) are warm season tender annuals in the Cucurbitiacea family, which includes
cucumbers, summer squash, melons, and gourds.
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Soil and Nutrient Requirements
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Plants
need loose, fertile, well drained soil with plenty of organic matter and
nitrogen and a pH 5.8-6.8. Fertilize seedlings with fish emulsion if leaves
yellow.
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Position
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Full Sun
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Seeding Depth
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Seed
depth: 1/2-1”
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Seeding Rate
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Direct
seeding: 2-3 seeds/18-36”, thin to one plant per spacing;
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Plant Spacing
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Plant
spacing: for bush varieties 18-24”, for vining 24-36”;
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Row Spacing
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Row
spacing: for bush, semi-bush and short vine types is 6’, for vigorous vining
types use 9’. Plants can also be planted in hills of 3-5 plants in rows 3-5’
apart (bush types provide less weed suppression so are typically planted
closer than vining types) for easier tractor cultivation
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When to Sow
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Days to
maturity are from direct seeding, subtract 2 weeks if transplanting. Winter
squash has a long season, requiring 90-120 frost free days to reach maturity,
so it is usually transplanted in northern climates. It can also be direct
seeded once danger of frost has passed and soil temperatures reach 70°F.
Start transplants indoors 3-4 weeks before last risk of frost. Optimal soil
temperature for germination is 85-95°F.
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Other Considerations
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Black
plastic mulch can be used to increase soil temperature for earlier planting.
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Frost Tolerant
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No. Frost
damaged fruit will not store well.
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Drought Tolerant
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No
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Heat Tolerant
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Yes
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Seed Specs
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Acorn and
Butternut- 280-375 seeds/oz (312 avg), 4,500-6,000 seeds/lb (5,000 avg);
Buttercup and Spaghetti- 135-200 seeds/oz (155 avg), 2,200-3,200 seeds/lb
(2,500 avg); Hubbard- 90-125 seeds/oz (105 avg), 1,500-2,000 seeds/lb
(1,700 avg); Delicata/Dumpling- 425-590 seeds/oz (470 avg), 6,800-9,500
(7,500 avg). M=1,000
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Seeding Rate
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Acorn and
Butternut- 7,500 seeds/acre (1.5 lbs.), using 2 seeds/30”, 6’ row spacing;
Buttercup and Spaghetti- 7,500 seeds/acre (3 lbs.), using 2 seeds/30”, 6’ row
spacing; Hubbard- 7,500 seeds/acre (4.4 lbs.), using 2 seeds/30”, 6’
row spacing; Delicata/Dumpling- 7,500 seeds/acre (1 lb.), using 2 seeds/30”,
6’ row spacing.
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Harvest
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Harvest
when fruits are full size and have a deep rich color and hard rinds that
can’t be easily dented with a finger nail. Changing color of the “ground
spot” from yellow to cream, gold or orange is another general indicator of
ripeness. To harvest, cut stem at least 2” from the fruit: a short or broken
stem can lead to rot. Cure after harvest by keeping in a warm, dry location
for a few days then
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Storage
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Store at
50-55°F with 55-75% relative humidity and good air circulation.
Delicata and acorn squash do not need curing, but will not store as long as
other varieties.
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Pest Info
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- Striped Cucumber beetle
feeding can damage young leaves so extensively that plants either die or
are stunted in growth. Dipping or spraying seedlings with kaolin clay
can significantly deter infestations. Combine clay with insecticidal
soap (such as Safer Brand™, see Supplies) or neem (such as Ahimsa Neem
Oil). Use of a trap crop preferred by cucumber beetles, such as blue
hubbard squash, lures beetles away from main crop. Crop rotation,
removal of crop debris to discourage overwintering populations, and use
of floating row cover can be effective in controlling cucumber beetles.
- Squash vine borer will cause
plants to look wilted even when moisture is plentiful. Slice open stem
and remove and destroy.
- Squash bugs can be controlled
by handpicking. Bury or compost plant residues at the end of the season.
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Disease Info
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- Powdery mildew can be checked
by providing good air circulation. Give plants wide spacing and
eliminate weeds, especially milkweed, marshcress and yellowrocket.
Choose resistant varieties.
- Fruit rots such as
anthracnose, scab, and fusarium fruit rot are common under wet
conditions. Space plants apart, avoid wetting foliage and water early in
the day so that leaves can dry.
- Fusarium Wilt is caused by
the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.
sp. Melonis (Fom), and can be seed and/or soil borne.
- Bacterial Wilt and Cucumber
mosaic virus should be controlled by removing and destroying infected
plants.
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Other Known Issues
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Insect pollinated. Take caution unless you are hand
pollinating, as many winter squash varieties are the same species as many
summer squash and pumpkins. Different varieties of the same species need to
be isolated by 1/4 mile to prevent cross-pollination. Barriers such as tree
lines, woods or buildings existing between the fields can reduce this
distance. Treat winter squashes the same as usually done for winter storage.
After all squashes have reached this stage, harvest and let them sit for a
period of after-ripening for 3-6 weeks or up to several months. Remove the
seeds, rinse in water and dry. Use of a 1/2" and 1/4" screen can
help with cleaning. Squash seed remains viable for 6 years under cool and dry
storage conditions.
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